Fermentation in
biotechnology

WHAT IS FERMENTATION?

Fermentation is a metabolic process in which microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts or fungi break down organic compounds in order to generate energy or build up biomass. This process can take place under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. This produces characteristic end products such as ethanol, lactic acid or other substances that are useful for humans.

The best-known examples from everyday life are alcoholic fermentation by yeasts (e.g. for the production of beer and wine) and lactic acid fermentation by lactic acid bacteria, as occurs in the production of yoghurt.

THE FERMENTATION PROCESS

The fermentation process begins with a suitable raw material that serves as a nutrient medium for the microorganisms. These raw materials often consist of sugars, which are broken down by the microorganisms. The process takes place in several steps:

1. Inoculation: The culture medium is inoculated with the desired microorganisms.
2. Growth phase: The microorganisms multiply and begin to metabolise the raw materials.
3. Production phase: The microorganisms produce the desired substances, e.g. ethanol, lactic acid or proteins.
4. Harvest: The end products are isolated from the medium and purified.

This process can take place in so-called fermenters, also known as bioreactors. These are specially developed containers that provide optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms and the production of the target substances. Parameters such as temperature, pH value and nutrient concentration are precisely controlled and adjusted according to the needs of the microorganisms.

APPLICATIONS OF FERMENTATION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Industrial biotechnology utilises fermentation in a variety of applications:

1. Food and beverage industry:

• Production of beer, wine, yoghurt, cheese and sauerkraut.
• Production of flavour enhancers such as monosodium glutamate.

2. Pharmaceutical industry:

• Production of antibiotics such as penicillin.
• Production of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals.

3. Environmental technology:

• Biological wastewater treatment.
• Production of biofuels such as bioethanol or biogas.

4. Agricultural biotechnology:

• Production of biological pesticides.
• Production of fertilisers with microorganisms.

5. Chemical industry:

• Biosynthesis of organic acids (e.g. citric acid) and enzymes.
• Production of biopolymers such as polylactide (PLA).

CONTRACT FERMENTATION AT E-NEMA

We have been producing products in industrial fermentation processes for over 25 years. Both for our own commercialisation and on behalf of companies all over the world. Through continuous investment in production capacity and process optimisation, we have become one of the leading suppliers of fermentation processes in liquid culture. Are you looking for a production partner for your product? Then please do not hesitate to contact us.

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